Providing Media Items from Playback History

ABSTRACT

Examples provided herein involve a playback history for media items played by playback zones of a media playback system. An example implementation involves a computing device storing a playback history of media items played by the media playback system, the playback history including, for each of the media items, an indication of a playback zone in which the media item was played, a time at which the media item was played, and metadata of the media item. The implementation also involves receiving a request for media items played during a given time period by the one or more playback zones; and based on the request, transmitting, to the media playback system, a portion of the playback history. Transmitting the portion of the playback history causes an indication of particular media items played by the one or more playback zones during the given time period to be displayed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to, and is acontinuation of, U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No.14/300,564, filed on Jun. 10, 2014, entitled “Providing Media Items fromPlayback History,” which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, tomethods, systems, products, features, services, and other elementsdirected to media playback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loudsetting were limited until in 2003, when SONOS, Inc. filed for one ofits first patent applications, entitled “Method for Synchronizing AudioPlayback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering a mediaplayback system for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless HiFi System enablespeople to experience music from many sources via one or more networkedplayback devices. Through a software control application installed on asmartphone, tablet, or computer, one can play what he or she wants inany room that has a networked playback device. Additionally, using thecontroller, for example, different songs can be streamed to each roomwith a playback device, rooms can be grouped together for synchronousplayback, or the same song can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

Given the ever growing interest in digital media, there continues to bea need to develop consumer-accessible technologies to further enhancethe listening experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technologymay be better understood with regard to the following description,appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows an example media playback system configuration in whichcertain embodiments may be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device;

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device;

FIG. 4 shows an example controller interface;

FIG. 5 shows an example flow diagram for providing media items fromplayback history; and

FIG. 6 shows an illustrative representation of an example playbackhistory.

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments,but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to thearrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

Some examples described herein involve a computing device maintaining aplayback history for media items played by a media playback system, andbased on a request, providing portions of the playback history.

For each media item played by the media playback system, the playbackhistory may include one or more of (i) an indication of a playback zonein which the media item was played, (ii) a time at which the media itemwas played, and (iii) metadata associated with the media item, amongother information. The metadata may include, among other information, analbum associated with the media item, a genre associated with the mediaitem, and/or a track name associated with the media item.

The request may indicate one or more of a playback zone, a time, andmetadata associated with one or more playbacks of media items by themedia playback system. The request may be received by the computingdevice via a controller interface for the media playback system. In oneexample, the request may indicate a playback zone of “Kitchen” and atime of “Morning.” Based on the request, a portion of the playbackhistory corresponding to media items that were played in the Kitchenzone, between 6 am and noon, may be identified.

The portion of the playback history that was identified may then beprovided by the computing device to the controller interface for displayand/or transmitted by the computing device to one or more playbackdevices such that the corresponding media items may be played by one ormore playback zones in the media playback system. In one example,playing of the corresponding media items may involve adding the portionof the playback history to a playback queue associated with the one ormore playback zones. Other examples also exist.

As indicated above, the examples provided herein involve maintaining aplayback history for media items played by a media playback system, andbased on a request, providing portions of the playback history. In oneaspect, a method is provided. The method involves maintaining, by acomputing device, a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system. The media playback system comprises one or moreplayback zones. The playback history comprises, for each of the mediaitems, (i) an indication of a playback zone in which the media item wasplayed, (ii) a time at which the media item was played, and (iii)metadata associated with the media item. The metadata comprises at leastone of an album associated with the media item, a genre associated withthe media item, and a track name associated with the media item. Themethod also involves receiving, by the computing device, a request, andbased on the request, transmitting, by the computing device, a portionof the playback history. The portion of the playback history identifiesmedia items played by one of the playback zones at a given time.

In another aspect, a computing device is provided. The computing deviceincludes a processor, and memory having stored thereon instructionsexecutable by the processor to cause the device to perform functions.The functions include maintaining, by a computing device, a playbackhistory for media items played by a media playback system. The mediaplayback system comprises one or more playback zones. The playbackhistory comprises, for each of the media items, (i) an indication of aplayback zone in which the media item was played, (ii) a time at whichthe media item was played, and (iii) metadata associated with the mediaitem. The metadata comprises at least one of an album associated withthe media item, a genre associated with the media item, and a track nameassociated with the media item. The functions also include receiving, bythe computing device, a request, and based on the request, transmitting,by the computing device, a portion of the playback history. The portionof the playback history identifies media items played by one of theplayback zones at a given time.

In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory isprovided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereoninstructions executable by a computing device to cause the computingdevice to perform functions. The functions include maintaining, by acomputing device, a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system. The media playback system comprises one or moreplayback zones. The playback history comprises, for each of the mediaitems, (i) an indication of a playback zone in which the media item wasplayed, (ii) a time at which the media item was played, and (iii)metadata associated with the media item. The metadata comprises at leastone of an album associated with the media item, a genre associated withthe media item, and a track name associated with the media item. Thefunctions also include receiving, by the computing device, a request,and based on the request, transmitting, by the computing device, aportion of the playback history. The portion of the playback historyidentifies media items played by one of the playback zones at a giventime.

It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that thisdisclosure includes numerous other embodiments. While some examplesdescribed herein may refer to functions performed by given actors suchas “users” and/or other entities, it should be understood that this isfor purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpretedto require action by any such example actor unless explicitly requiredby the language of the claims themselves.

II. Example Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows an example configuration of a media playback system 100 inwhich one or more embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced orimplemented. The media playback system 100 as shown is associated withan example home environment having several rooms and spaces, such as forexample, a master bedroom, an office, a dining room, and a living room.As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the media playback system 100includes playback devices 102-124, control devices 126 and 128, and awired or wireless network router 130.

Further discussions relating to the different components of the examplemedia playback system 100 and how the different components may interactto provide a user with a media experience may be found in the followingsections. While discussions herein may generally refer to the examplemedia playback system 100, technologies described herein are not limitedto applications within, among other things, the home environment asshown in FIG. 1. For instance, the technologies described herein may beuseful in environments where multi-zone audio may be desired, such as,for example, a commercial setting like a restaurant, mall or airport, avehicle like a sports utility vehicle (SUV), bus or car, a ship or boat,an airplane, and so on.

a. Example Playback Devices

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device200 that may be configured to be one or more of the playback devices102-124 of the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. The playback device200 may include a processor 202, software components 204, memory 206,audio processing components 208, audio amplifier(s) 210, speaker(s) 212,and a network interface 214 including wireless interface(s) 216 andwired interface(s) 218. In one case, the playback device 200 may notinclude the speaker(s) 212, but rather a speaker interface forconnecting the playback device 200 to external speakers. In anothercase, the playback device 200 may include neither the speaker(s) 212 northe audio amplifier(s) 210, but rather an audio interface for connectingthe playback device 200 to an external audio amplifier or audio-visualreceiver.

In one example, the processor 202 may be a clock-driven computingcomponent configured to process input data according to instructionsstored in the memory 206. The memory 206 may be a tangiblecomputer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable bythe processor 202. For instance, the memory 206 may be data storage thatcan be loaded with one or more of the software components 204 executableby the processor 202 to achieve certain functions. In one example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 retrieving audio data froman audio source or another playback device. In another example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 sending audio data toanother device or playback device on a network. In yet another example,the functions may involve pairing of the playback device 200 with one ormore playback devices to create a multi-channel audio environment.

Certain functions may involve the playback device 200 synchronizingplayback of audio content with one or more other playback devices.During synchronous playback, a listener will preferably not be able toperceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content bythe playback device 200 and the one or more other playback devices. U.S.Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizingoperations among a plurality of independently clocked digital dataprocessing devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference, providesin more detail some examples for audio playback synchronization amongplayback devices.

The memory 206 may further be configured to store data associated withthe playback device 200, such as one or more zones and/or zone groupsthe playback device 200 is a part of, audio sources accessible by theplayback device 200, or a playback queue that the playback device 200(or some other playback device) may be associated with. The data may bestored as one or more state variables that are periodically updated andused to describe the state of the playback device 200. The memory 206may also include the data associated with the state of the other devicesof the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices sothat one or more of the devices have the most recent data associatedwith the system. Other embodiments are also possible.

The audio processing components 208 may include one or moredigital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, anaudio enhancement component or a digital signal processor (DSP), and soon. In one embodiment, one or more of the audio processing components208 may be a subcomponent of the processor 202. In one example, audiocontent may be processed and/or intentionally altered by the audioprocessing components 208 to produce audio signals. The produced audiosignals may then be provided to the audio amplifier(s) 210 foramplification and playback through speaker(s) 212. Particularly, theaudio amplifier(s) 210 may include devices configured to amplify audiosignals to a level for driving one or more of the speakers 212. Thespeaker(s) 212 may include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”)or a complete speaker system involving an enclosure with one or moredrivers. A particular driver of the speaker(s) 212 may include, forexample, a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver(e.g., for middle frequencies), and/or a tweeter (e.g., for highfrequencies). In some cases, each transducer in the one or more speakers212 may be driven by an individual corresponding audio amplifier of theaudio amplifier(s) 210. In addition to producing analog signals forplayback by the playback device 200, the audio processing components 208may be configured to process audio content to be sent to one or moreother playback devices for playback.

Audio content to be processed and/or played back by the playback device200 may be received from an external source, such as via an audioline-in input connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-inconnection) or the network interface 214.

The network interface 214 may be configured to facilitate a data flowbetween the playback device 200 and one or more other devices on a datanetwork. As such, the playback device 200 may be configured to receiveaudio content over the data network from one or more other playbackdevices in communication with the playback device 200, network deviceswithin a local area network, or audio content sources over a wide areanetwork such as the Internet. In one example, the audio content andother signals transmitted and received by the playback device 200 may betransmitted in the form of digital packet data containing an InternetProtocol (IP)-based source address and IP-based destination addresses.In such a case, the network interface 214 may be configured to parse thedigital packet data such that the data destined for the playback device200 is properly received and processed by the playback device 200.

As shown, the network interface 214 may include wireless interface(s)216 and wired interface(s) 218. The wireless interface(s) 216 mayprovide network interface functions for the playback device 200 towirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other playbackdevice(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), network device(s), control device(s)within a data network the playback device 200 is associated with) inaccordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standardincluding IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4Gmobile communication standard, and so on). The wired interface(s) 218may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 tocommunicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordancewith a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). While the networkinterface 214 shown in FIG. 2 includes both wireless interface(s) 216and wired interface(s) 218, the network interface 214 may in someembodiments include only wireless interface(s) or only wiredinterface(s).

In one example, the playback device 200 and one other playback devicemay be paired to play two separate audio components of audio content.For instance, playback device 200 may be configured to play a leftchannel audio component, while the other playback device may beconfigured to play a right channel audio component, thereby producing orenhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. The paired playbackdevices (also referred to as “bonded playback devices”) may further playaudio content in synchrony with other playback devices.

In another example, the playback device 200 may be sonicallyconsolidated with one or more other playback devices to form a single,consolidated playback device. A consolidated playback device may beconfigured to process and reproduce sound differently than anunconsolidated playback device or playback devices that are paired,because a consolidated playback device may have additional speakerdrivers through which audio content may be rendered. For instance, ifthe playback device 200 is a playback device designed to render lowfrequency range audio content (i.e. a subwoofer), the playback device200 may be consolidated with a playback device designed to render fullfrequency range audio content. In such a case, the full frequency rangeplayback device, when consolidated with the low frequency playbackdevice 200, may be configured to render only the mid and high frequencycomponents of audio content, while the low frequency range playbackdevice 200 renders the low frequency component of the audio content. Theconsolidated playback device may further be paired with a singleplayback device or yet another consolidated playback device.

By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. presently offers (or has offered)for sale certain playback devices including a “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,”“PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any otherpast, present, and/or future playback devices may additionally oralternatively be used to implement the playback devices of exampleembodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that aplayback device is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 2 orto the SONOS product offerings. For example, a playback device mayinclude a wired or wireless headphone. In another example, a playbackdevice may include or interact with a docking station for personalmobile media playback devices. In yet another example, a playback devicemay be integral to another device or component such as a television, alighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.

b. Example Playback Zone Configurations

Referring back to the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, theenvironment may have one or more playback zones, each with one or moreplayback devices. The media playback system 100 may be established withone or more playback zones, after which one or more zones may be added,or removed to arrive at the example configuration shown in FIG. 1. Eachzone may be given a name according to a different room or space such asan office, bathroom, master bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room,living room, and/or balcony. In one case, a single playback zone mayinclude multiple rooms or spaces. In another case, a single room orspace may include multiple playback zones.

As shown in FIG. 1, the balcony, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, office,and bedroom zones each have one playback device, while the living roomand master bedroom zones each have multiple playback devices. In theliving room zone, playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as one or more bonded playback devices, as one or moreconsolidated playback devices, or any combination thereof. Similarly, inthe case of the master bedroom, playback devices 122 and 124 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as a bonded playback device, or as a consolidated playbackdevice.

In one example, one or more playback zones in the environment of FIG. 1may each be playing different audio content. For instance, the user maybe grilling in the balcony zone and listening to hip hop music beingplayed by the playback device 102 while another user may be preparingfood in the kitchen zone and listening to classical music being playedby the playback device 114. In another example, a playback zone may playthe same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. Forinstance, the user may be in the office zone where the playback device118 is playing the same rock music that is being playing by playbackdevice 102 in the balcony zone. In such a case, playback devices 102 and118 may be playing the rock music in synchrony such that the user mayseamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) enjoy the audiocontent that is being played out-loud while moving between differentplayback zones. Synchronization among playback zones may be achieved ina manner similar to that of synchronization among playback devices, asdescribed in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395.

As suggested above, the zone configurations of the media playback system100 may be dynamically modified, and in some embodiments, the mediaplayback system 100 supports numerous configurations. For instance, if auser physically moves one or more playback devices to or from a zone,the media playback system 100 may be reconfigured to accommodate thechange(s). For instance, if the user physically moves the playbackdevice 102 from the balcony zone to the office zone, the office zone maynow include both the playback device 118 and the playback device 102.The playback device 102 may be paired or grouped with the office zoneand/or renamed if so desired via a control device such as the controldevices 126 and 128. On the other hand, if the one or more playbackdevices are moved to a particular area in the home environment that isnot already a playback zone, a new playback zone may be created for theparticular area.

Further, different playback zones of the media playback system 100 maybe dynamically combined into zone groups or split up into individualplayback zones. For instance, the dining room zone and the kitchen zone114 may be combined into a zone group for a dinner party such thatplayback devices 112 and 114 may render audio content in synchrony. Onthe other hand, the living room zone may be split into a television zoneincluding playback device 104, and a listening zone including playbackdevices 106, 108, and 110, if the user wishes to listen to music in theliving room space while another user wishes to watch television.

c. Example Control Devices

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device 300that may be configured to be one or both of the control devices 126 and128 of the media playback system 100. As shown, the control device 300may include a processor 302, memory 304, a network interface 306, and auser interface 308. In one example, the control device 300 may be adedicated controller for the media playback system 100. In anotherexample, the control device 300 may be a network device on which mediaplayback system controller application software may be installed, suchas for example, an iPhone™, iPad™ or any other smart phone, tablet ornetwork device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac™).

The processor 302 may be configured to perform functions relevant tofacilitating user access, control, and configuration of the mediaplayback system 100. The memory 304 may be configured to storeinstructions executable by the processor 302 to perform those functions.The memory 304 may also be configured to store the media playback systemcontroller application software and other data associated with the mediaplayback system 100 and the user.

In one example, the network interface 306 may be based on an industrystandard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3,wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n,802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Thenetwork interface 306 may provide a means for the control device 300 tocommunicate with other devices in the media playback system 100. In oneexample, data and information (e.g., such as a state variable) may becommunicated between control device 300 and other devices via thenetwork interface 306. For instance, playback zone and zone groupconfigurations in the media playback system 100 may be received by thecontrol device 300 from a playback device or another network device, ortransmitted by the control device 300 to another playback device ornetwork device via the network interface 306. In some cases, the othernetwork device may be another control device.

Playback device control commands such as volume control and audioplayback control may also be communicated from the control device 300 toa playback device via the network interface 306. As suggested above,changes to configurations of the media playback system 100 may also beperformed by a user using the control device 300. The configurationchanges may include adding/removing one or more playback devices to/froma zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forminga bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devicesfrom a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Accordingly, thecontrol device 300 may sometimes be referred to as a controller, whetherthe control device 300 is a dedicated controller or a network device onwhich media playback system controller application software isinstalled.

The user interface 308 of the control device 300 may be configured tofacilitate user access and control of the media playback system 100, byproviding a controller interface such as the controller interface 400shown in FIG. 4. The controller interface 400 includes a playbackcontrol region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playback status region430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio content sources region450. The user interface 400 as shown is just one example of a userinterface that may be provided on a network device such as the controldevice 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or the control devices 126 and 128 of FIG. 1)and accessed by users to control a media playback system such as themedia playback system 100. Other user interfaces of varying formats,styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented onone or more network devices to provide comparable control access to amedia playback system.

The playback control region 410 may include selectable (e.g., by way oftouch or by using a cursor) icons to cause playback devices in aselected playback zone or zone group to play or pause, fast forward,rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode,enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode. The playback controlregion 410 may also include selectable icons to modify equalizationsettings, and playback volume, among other possibilities.

The playback zone region 420 may include representations of playbackzones within the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, thegraphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bringup additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zonesin the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones,creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, and renaming of zonegroups, among other possibilities.

For example, as shown, a “group” icon may be provided within each of thegraphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon providedwithin a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectableto bring up options to select one or more other zones in the mediaplayback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped,playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particularzone will be configured to play audio content in synchrony with theplayback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” iconmay be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. Inthis case, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options todeselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zonegroup. Other interactions and implementations for grouping andungrouping zones via a user interface such as the user interface 400 arealso possible. The representations of playback zones in the playbackzone region 420 may be dynamically updated as playback zone or zonegroup configurations are modified.

The playback status region 430 may include graphical representations ofaudio content that is presently being played, previously played, orscheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. Theselected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished onthe user interface, such as within the playback zone region 420 and/orthe playback status region 430. The graphical representations mayinclude track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length,and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to knowwhen controlling the media playback system via the user interface 400.

The playback queue region 440 may include graphical representations ofaudio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playbackzone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zonegroup may be associated with a playback queue containing informationcorresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playbackzone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queuemay comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resourcelocator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playbackdevice in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve theaudio item from a local audio content source or a networked audiocontent source, possibly for playback by the playback device.

In one example, a playlist may be added to a playback queue, in whichcase information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may beadded to the playback queue. In another example, audio items in aplayback queue may be saved as a playlist. In a further example, aplayback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when theplayback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audiocontent, such as Internet radio that may continue to play untilotherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playbackdurations. In an alternative embodiment, a playback queue can includeInternet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “inuse” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items. Otherexamples are also possible.

When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,”playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zonegroups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playbackzone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playbackzone including a second playback queue, the established zone group mayhave an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that containsaudio items from the first playback queue (such as if the secondplayback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audioitems from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zonewas added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio itemsfrom both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if theestablished zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zonemay be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or beassociated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audioitems from the playback queue associated with the established zone groupbefore the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, theresulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previoussecond playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue thatis empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associatedwith the established zone group before the established zone group wasungrouped. Other examples are also possible.

Referring back to the user interface 400 of FIG. 4, the graphicalrepresentations of audio content in the playback queue region 440 mayinclude track titles, artist names, track lengths, and other relevantinformation associated with the audio content in the playback queue. Inone example, graphical representations of audio content may beselectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage and/ormanipulate the playback queue and/or audio content represented in theplayback queue. For instance, a represented audio content may be removedfrom the playback queue, moved to a different position within theplayback queue, or selected to be played immediately, or after anycurrently playing audio content, among other possibilities. A playbackqueue associated with a playback zone or zone group may be stored in amemory on one or more playback devices in the playback zone or zonegroup, on a playback device that is not in the playback zone or zonegroup, and/or some other designated device.

The audio content sources region 450 may include graphicalrepresentations of selectable audio content sources from which audiocontent may be retrieved and played by the selected playback zone orzone group. Discussions pertaining to audio content sources may be foundin the following section.

d. Example Audio Content Sources

As indicated previously, one or more playback devices in a zone or zonegroup may be configured to retrieve for playback audio content (e.g.according to a corresponding URI or URL for the audio content) from avariety of available audio content sources. In one example, audiocontent may be retrieved by a playback device directly from acorresponding audio content source (e.g., a line-in connection). Inanother example, audio content may be provided to a playback device overa network via one or more other playback devices or network devices.

Example audio content sources may include a memory of one or moreplayback devices in a media playback system such as the media playbacksystem 100 of FIG. 1, local music libraries on one or more networkdevices (such as a control device, a network-enabled personal computer,or a networked-attached storage (NAS), for example), streaming audioservices providing audio content via the Internet (e.g., the cloud), oraudio sources connected to the media playback system via a line-in inputconnection on a playback device or network devise, among otherpossibilities.

In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added orremoved from a media playback system such as the media playback system100 of FIG. 1. In one example, an indexing of audio items may beperformed whenever one or more audio content sources are added, removedor updated. Indexing of audio items may involve scanning foridentifiable audio items in all folders/directory shared over a networkaccessible by playback devices in the media playback system, andgenerating or updating an audio content database containing metadata(e.g., title, artist, album, track length, among others) and otherassociated information, such as a URI or URL for each identifiable audioitem found. Other examples for managing and maintaining audio contentsources may also be possible.

The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices,playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide onlysome examples of operating environments within which functions andmethods described below may be implemented. Other operating environmentsand configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, andnetwork devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicableand suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

III. Example Methods for Providing Media Items from Playback History

As discussed above, some embodiments described herein involvemaintaining a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system, and based on a request, providing portions of theplayback history. FIG. 5 shows an example method 500 for providing mediaitems from playback history. Method 500 shown in FIG. 5 presents anembodiment of a method that can be implemented within an operatingenvironment involving, for example, the media playback system 100 ofFIG. 1, one or more of the playback device 200 of FIG. 2, and one ormore of the control device 300 of FIG. 3. Method 500 may include one ormore operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more ofblocks 502-506. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order,these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a differentorder than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may becombined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/orremoved based upon the desired implementation.

In addition, for the method 500 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, eachblock may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code,which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor forimplementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Theprogram code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, forexample, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. Thecomputer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readablemedium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores datafor short periods of time like register memory, processor cache andRandom Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may alsoinclude non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long termstorage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks,compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computerreadable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storagesystems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computerreadable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. Inaddition, for the method 500 and other processes and methods disclosedherein, each block in FIG. 5 may represent circuitry that is wired toperform the specific logical functions in the process.

As shown, the method 500 involves maintaining a playback history formedia items played by a media playback system at block 502, receiving arequest at block 504, and based on the request, transmitting a portionof the playback history at block 506. The method 500 is performed by acomputing device. In one example, the computing device may be a playbackdevice that is part of the media playback system. For instance, theplayback device may be one of the playback devices described above inconnection to FIGS. 1-3. In another example, the computing device mayinclude a server device remote from the media playback system. Theserver device may be a server that is associated with the media playbacksystem, and may store information relating to the media playback system.Such information may include playback device information, playback zoneinformation, service provider association information, and/or useraccount information, among other information.

a. Maintaining a Playback History for Media Items Played by a MediaPlayback System

At block 502, the method 500 involves maintaining, by a computingdevice, a playback history for media items played by a media playbacksystem. In one example, the media playback system may be the mediaplayback system 100 discussed above, or a media playback system similarto the media playback system 100. Accordingly, the media playback systemincludes one or more playback zones. In discussions herein, media itemsplayed by the media playback system may include media items added to aplayback queue and played by the media playback system, as well as mediaitems provided from internet radio channels. In either case, the mediaplayback system may receive metadata identifying the media items beingplayed.

In one example, the playback history may be maintained as a table ordatabase of indices for media items played by the media playback system.The playback history may be stored at least partially on one or moreplayback devices in the media playback system, and/or one or more remoteserver devices associated with the media playback system. In oneexample, a subset of the playback history identifying media items playedin a certain playback zone may be stored on a playback device in theplayback zone, while the playback history for the media playback system,including the subset of the playback history, may be stored on the oneor more remote server devices. In another example, the playback history,or a portion of the playback history may be stored on a controllerdevice for the media playback system. In a further example, the playbackhistory, or a portion of the playback history may be stored on one ormore local server devices. Other examples are also possible.

The playback history for media items played by the media playback systemmay include, for each of the played media items, (i) an indication of azone in which the media item was played, (ii) a time at which the mediaitem was played, and (iii) metadata associated with the media item. Themetadata may include, among others, an album associated with the mediaitem, a genre associated with the media item, and/or a track nameassociated with the media item.

FIG. 6 shows an illustrative representation of an example playbackhistory 600. The example playback history 600 includes columns for TrackTitle, Track Artist, Track Genre, Playback Zone, and Playback Time. Fora particular media item, information in the Track Title columnidentifies a title for a particular media item, information in the TrackArtist column identifies an artist for the particular media item,information in the Track Genre column identifies a genre of theparticular media item, information in the Playback Zone columnidentifies a playback zone in which the media item was played, andinformation in the Playback Time column identifies a given time at whichthe particular media item was played by the media playback system.

As shown, the information in the Playback Zone column identifies asingle playback zone in which a respective media item was played at agiven time. In one example, if the media item was played in a zonegroup, a separate entry for the respective media item played at thegiven time may be stored for each playback zone in the zone group. Inanother example, a single entry for the media item played at the giventime may be stored in association with a name of the zone groupidentified in the Playback Zone column. Other examples are alsopossible.

As shown, the information in the Playback Time indicates a day, hour,and minute at which a respective media item was played. The informationmay indicate when playback of the respective media item began. In oneexample, the information in the Playback Time may further oralternatively indicate, among others, years, months, seasons, and/orweeks when the respective media item was played. In another example, theinformation in the Playback Time column may indicate a general timeframe as opposed to a specific time. For instance, if a particular mediaitem was played on Sunday at 10 am, the corresponding information in thePlayback Time column may be “Sunday Morning.” Other examples are alsopossible.

As suggested above, a separate entry for a media item played at a giventime may be stored for each playback zone of the zone group in which themedia item was played. Likewise, a separate entry for a media item maybe stored for each time the media item was played. In one example, ifthe media item was played at two times that are substantially similar,one of the entries may be discarded. For instance, if the particularmedia item was played on Sunday at 10:15 am and again the followingSunday at 10:02 am, the second entry may not be stored. Alternatively,the second entry may be stored and the first entry may be discarded. Inparticular, if the information in the Playback Time column indicates ageneral time frame, the two instances of the particular media itemsbeing played may both be stored as “Sunday Morning.” Accordingly, one ofthe two entries may be discarded. In other words, in some examples,duplicative entries may be removed from the playback history.

One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the playbackhistory 600 shown in FIG. 6 is for illustration purposes, and that otherformats and structures for storing playback history are also possible.For instance, a playback history may also include a Playlist Name columnwith information identifying a playback history playlist that arespective media item is a part of. In one case, a separate entry may berecorded for each playback history playlist the respective media item isa part of.

A playback history playlist may include media items played by the mediaplayback system between contextual points. One example of a contextualpoint is a change in content provider. In one example, if the mediaplayback system begins playing content from a first service provider,and subsequently switches to playing content from a second serviceprovider, the media items provided by the first service provider andplayed by the media playback system may form a playback historyplaylist. The playback history playlist may also be automatically namedaccordingly. For instance, if the playback of those media items inoccurred on a Sunday morning, the playback history playlist may be named“Sunday Morning-Service Provider 1.” In another instance, if theplayback of those media items occurred in a Dining Room playback zone,the playback history playlist may be named “Sunday Morning-Dining Room,”or further “Sunday Morning-Dining Room-Service Provider 1.” Otherinformation, such as any user profiles associated with the playback ofthe media items, any particular artists, albums, or genres, amongothers, associated with the played media items may be used in naming theplayback history playlist. In one example, the names of the playbackhistory playlist may be further modified by a user of the media playbacksystem.

In addition to content provider changes, another contextual point may bea modification of a playback queue. In one example, if the playbackqueue is cleared, media items in the playback queue that were played (ornot played, but otherwise would have been played had the queue not beencleared) may be recorded as a playback history playlist. In anotherexample, if a playback queue was populated and curated using a firstuser profile, and a second user profile is used to modify the playbackqueue, media items in the playback queue as populated and curated by thefirst profile, prior to the modifications using the second user profilemay be recorded as a playback history playlist.

In another example, if media items have been playing in a playback zone,and the playback zone is added to a zone group or broken up intodifferent zones, media items that were played in the playback zone priorto the zone modifications may be recorded as a playback historyplaylist. In yet another example, if media items of a certain genre havebeen playing in a playback zone, a change to a different genre of mediaitems being played in the playback zone may cause the media items of thecertain genre to be recorded as a playback history playlist. Otherexamples are also possible.

In one example, all media items played by the media playback system maybe identified in the playback history. In another example, only a subsetof media items played by the media playback system may be identified inthe playback history. In one case, similar media items played in aplayback zone of the media playback system during a time frame may beidentified and recorded in the playback history based on thesimilarities, while the other media items played in the playback zoneare not recorded. For instance, if 46 out of 60 songs played in anafternoon are by the same artist and/or within the same genre, the 46songs may be recorded in the playback history, while the remaining 14songs are not recorded. In one case, a threshold percentage of mediaitems played in a given time frame may be required to have somecommonality for the media items to be recorded in the playback history.In one example, the threshold percentage may be 60%. As such, if only 34out of the 60 songs played in the afternoon are by the same artistand/or within the same genre, the 34 songs may not be recorded in theplayback history. However, if 37 out of the 60 songs played in thatafternoon are provided by the same service provider, the 37 media itemsfrom the same service provider may be recorded in the playback history.Other examples are also possible.

b. Receiving a Request

At block 504, the method 500 involves receiving a request. The requestmay be a request for media items from the playback history. In oneexample, the request may be a request for media items played in one ofthe playback zones at a given time. In another example, the request maybe a request for media items having specified metadata that were playedover the given time. In further example, the request may be a requestfor media items having specified metadata that were played in one of theplayback zones at the given time. Other examples are also possible.

In one example, the request may be provided via a controller interfacefor the media playback system. In one case, the controller interface mayprompt a user to select one or more of a time frame, a playback zone, anartist, a genre, and an artist, among others, from available options.The available options may be determined based on the information in theplayback history. For instance, referring to FIG. 6, available optionsfor playback zones may include Living Room, Dining Room, and Office. Insuch a case, the received request may include these selections. Inanother case, if the playback history includes a Playlist Name column,the received request may include a selection of one or more playbackhistory playlists. In one example, the request may be received via acontroller interface for the media playback system that is provided on acontroller device. In such a case, the controller device may forward orrelay the request to a device/server. In other words, the request may bereceived via a controller device. In a further example, the request maybe received via the controller device and/or a playback device in themedia playback system. Other examples are also possible.

c. Based on the Request, Transmitting a Portion of the Playback History

At block 506, the method 500 involves based on the request, transmittinga portion of the playback history. In one example, block 506 may furtherinvolve identifying the portion of the playback history based on therequest. Referring to FIG. 6, if the request indicates a playback zoneof Living Room and a time frame of Sunday morning, the portion of theplayback history may include media items Track 1, Track 3, Track 4,Track 5, Track 7, and Track 8. If the request indicates a genre of Genre2, and a time frame of Saturday evening, the portion of the playbackhistory may include media items Track 2 and Track 6. If the requestindicates a time frame of Monday evening, a playback zone of Office, anda genre of Genre 1, the portion of the playback history may includemedia items Track 9 and Track 11.

In some cases, the request may indicate more than one available optionwithin a category at a time. For instance, the request may indicate agenre of Genre 1, and a playback zone of Living Room OR Office. In thiscase, the portion of the playback history may include Track 1, Track 3,Track 4, Track 5, Track 7, Track 8, Track 9, and Track 11. As theplayback history 600 is only illustrative, other examples of identifiedportions of the playback history according to vary specificities of therequest are also possible.

In one example, transmitting the identified portion of the playbackhistory may involve transmitting information associated with the mediaitems identified in the portion of the playback history. The informationmay include one or more of metadata, and a service identification (ifthe media item was provided from a service provider), among others. Inone case, the portion of the playback history may be transmitted to acontroller device. The controller device may be a device on which thecontroller interface that prompted the user to provide the selectionswas provided. Accordingly, the controller interface may displayinformation for the media items identified based on the request.

Media items in the portion of the playback history may be added to aplayback queue associated with one or more of the playback zones of themedia playback system. In one example, the media items may be added tothe playback queue automatically upon identifying the portion of theplayback history. In another example, the media items may be added tothe playback queue in response to additional inputs via the controllerinterface.

In one case, the controller device may transmit the information for themedia items to one or more playback devices in the one or more playbackzones associated with the playback queue. In one instance, thecontroller device may first receive the information for the media itemsfrom playback devices and/or server devices maintaining at least theportion of the playback history, and subsequently transmit theinformation to the one or more playback devices after receiving theinformation. In another instance, the playback devices and/or serverdevices that maintain at least the portion of the playback history maytransmit the information directly to the one or more playback devices inthe one or more playback zones associated with the playback queue.

In another example, if portion of the playback history was played by azone group in a previous playback zone configuration different from acurrent playback zone configuration, the current playback zoneconfiguration may be modified to match the previous playback zoneconfiguration including the zone group, and the media items may be addedto the playback queue associated with the zone group. Other examples arealso possible.

In some examples, the playback history may be accessible by anyone usingthe media playback system. In some cases, the playback history mayfurther be accessible by users of other systems similar to the mediaplayback system and in communication with the media playback system orassociated server device. In some examples, a particular portion of theplayback history may be associated with a specific user profile used toaccess the media playback system. As such, in some cases, the particularportion of the playback history may only be accessible by the specificuser profile. Other examples are also possible.

V. Conclusion

The description above discloses, among other things, various examplesystems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including,among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware.It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and shouldnot be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that anyor all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or componentscan be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software,exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software,and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the onlyway(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles ofmanufacture.

As indicated above, the examples provided herein involve maintaining aplayback history for media items played by a media playback system, andbased on a request, providing portions of the playback history. In oneaspect, a method is provided. The method involves maintaining, by acomputing device, a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system. The media playback system comprises one or moreplayback zones. The playback history comprises, for each of the mediaitems, (i) an indication of a playback zone in which the media item wasplayed, (ii) a time at which the media item was played, and (iii)metadata associated with the media item. The metadata comprises at leastone of an album associated with the media item, a genre associated withthe media item, and a track name associated with the media item. Themethod also involves receiving, by the computing device, a request, andbased on the request, transmitting, by the computing device, a portionof the playback history. The portion of the playback history identifiesmedia items played by one of the playback zones at a given time.

In another aspect, a computing device is provided. The computing deviceincludes a processor, and memory having stored thereon instructionsexecutable by the processor to cause the device to perform functions.The functions include maintaining, by a computing device, a playbackhistory for media items played by a media playback system. The mediaplayback system comprises one or more playback zones. The playbackhistory comprises, for each of the media items, (i) an indication of aplayback zone in which the media item was played, (ii) a time at whichthe media item was played, and (iii) metadata associated with the mediaitem. The metadata comprises at least one of an album associated withthe media item, a genre associated with the media item, and a track nameassociated with the media item. The functions also include receiving, bythe computing device, a request, and based on the request, transmitting,by the computing device, a portion of the playback history. The portionof the playback history identifies media items played by one of theplayback zones at a given time.

In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory isprovided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereoninstructions executable by a computing device to cause the computingdevice to perform functions. The functions include maintaining, by acomputing device, a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system. The media playback system comprises one or moreplayback zones. The playback history comprises, for each of the mediaitems, (i) an indication of a playback zone in which the media item wasplayed, (ii) a time at which the media item was played, and (iii)metadata associated with the media item. The metadata comprises at leastone of an album associated with the media item, a genre associated withthe media item, and a track name associated with the media item. Thefunctions also include receiving, by the computing device, a request,and based on the request, transmitting, by the computing device, aportion of the playback history. The portion of the playback historyidentifies media items played by one of the playback zones at a giventime.

Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of aninvention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment,nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of otherembodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly andimplicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined withother embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrativeenvironments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, andother symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble theoperations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These processdescriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled inthe art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to othersskilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide athorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it isunderstood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of thepresent disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details.In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, andcircuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of thepresent disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than theforgoing description of embodiments.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely softwareand/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at leastone example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible,non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on,storing the software and/or firmware.

We claim:
 1. A method of operating a computing device communicativelycoupled to a media playback system having one or more playback zonesthat include at least one respective playback device, the methodcomprising: storing, via the computing device, a playback history formedia items played by the media playback system, wherein the playbackhistory comprises, for each of the media items, (i) an indication of aplayback zone in which the media item was played, (ii) a time at whichthe media item was played, and (iii) metadata associated with the mediaitem; receiving, via a network interface of the computing device, arequest for one or more media items played during a given time period bythe one or more playback zones; and based on the request for the one ormore media items played during the given time period by the one or moreplayback zones, transmitting, via the network interface of the computingdevice to the media playback system, a portion of the playback historyidentifying particular media items played during the given time periodby the one or more playback zones, wherein transmitting the portion ofthe playback history causes an indication of particular media itemsplayed by the one or more playback zones during the given time period tobe displayed by a graphical display of a controller device configured tocontrol playback by the one or more playback zones, and wherein thecontroller device is different from the at least one respective playbackdevice of the one or more playback zones.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the computing device comprises a playback device, wherein theplayback device is part of the media playback system.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a server device remotefrom the media playback system.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinreceiving the request for media items played during the given timeperiod by the one or more playback zones comprises receiving a requestfor media items (i) played during the given time period in a particularplayback zone of the one or more playback zones and (ii) havingspecified metadata.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving therequest further comprises receiving a request for one or more mediaitems having specified metadata, and wherein the transmitted portion ofthe playback history further identifies the particular media itemshaving the specified metadata.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereintransmitting the portion of the playback history further causes theparticular media items to be added to a playback queue of a givenplayback zone of the one or more playback zones.
 7. The method of claim6, further comprising: causing the given playback zone of the one ormore playback zones to begin playing back the playback queue.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, wherein causing the given playback zone of the one ormore playback zones to begin playing back the playback queue comprisescausing a playback device of the given playback zone to stream theparticular media items from one or more servers of at least onestreaming media service.
 9. A computing device comprising: a networkinterface; a processor; and memory having stored thereon instructionsexecutable by the processor to cause the computing device to performoperations comprising: storing, via the computing device, a playbackhistory for media items played by a media playback system, the mediaplayback system comprising one or more playback zones, wherein each ofthe one or more playback zones comprise at least one respective playbackdevice, and wherein the playback history comprises, for each of themedia items, (i) an indication of a playback zone in which the mediaitem was played, (ii) a time at which the media item was played, and(iii) metadata associated with the media item; receiving, via a networkinterface of the computing device, a request for one or more media itemsplayed during a given time period by the one or more playback zones; andbased on the request for the one or more media items played during thegiven time period by the one or more playback zones, transmitting, viathe network interface of the computing device to the media playbacksystem, a portion of the playback history identifying particular mediaitems played during the given time period by the one or more playbackzones, wherein transmitting the portion of the playback history causesan indication of particular media items played by the one or moreplayback zones during the given time period to be displayed by agraphical display of a controller device configured to control playbackby the one or more playback zones, and wherein the controller device isdifferent from the at least one respective playback device of the one ormore playback zones.
 10. The computing device of claim 9, wherein thecomputing device comprises a playback device, wherein the playbackdevice is part of the media playback system.
 11. The computing device ofclaim 9, wherein the computing device comprises a server device remotefrom the media playback system.
 12. The computing device of claim 9,wherein the operation for receiving the request for media items playedduring the given time period by the one or more playback zones furthercomprises receiving a request for media items (i) played during thegiven time period in a particular playback zone of the one or moreplayback zones and (ii) having specified metadata.
 13. The computingdevice of claim 9, wherein the operation for receiving the requestfurther comprises receiving a request for one or more media items havingspecified metadata, and wherein the transmitted portion of the playbackhistory further identifies the particular media items having thespecified metadata.
 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein theoperation for transmitting the portion of the playback history furthercauses the particular media items to be added to a playback queue of agiven playback zone of the one or more playback zones.
 15. The computingdevice of claim 14, the operations further comprising: causing the givenplayback zone of the one or more playback zones to begin playing backthe playback queue.
 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein theoperation for causing the given playback zone of the one or moreplayback zones to begin playing back the playback queue comprisescausing a playback device of the given playback zone to stream theparticular media items from one or more servers of at least onestreaming media service.
 17. A tangible non-transitory computer readablemedium storing instructions executable by a computing device to causethe computing device to perform operations comprising: storing, via thecomputing device, a playback history for media items played by a mediaplayback system, the media playback system comprising one or moreplayback zones, wherein each of the one or more playback zones compriseat least one respective playback device, and wherein the playbackhistory comprises, for each of the media items, (i) an indication of aplayback zone in which the media item was played, (ii) a time at whichthe media item was played, and (iii) metadata associated with the mediaitem; receiving, via a network interface of the computing device, arequest for one or more media items played during a given time period bythe one or more playback zones; and based on the request for the one ormore media items played during the given time period by the one or moreplayback zones, transmitting, via the network interface of the computingdevice to the media playback system, a portion of the playback historyidentifying particular media items played during the given time periodby the one or more playback zones, wherein transmitting the portion ofthe playback history causes an indication of particular media itemsplayed by the one or more playback zones during the given time period tobe displayed by a graphical display of a controller device configured tocontrol playback by the one or more playback zones, and wherein thecontroller device is different from the at least one respective playbackdevice of the one or more playback zones.
 18. The tangible,non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein theoperations for transmitting the portion of the playback history furthercauses the particular media items to be added to a playback queue of agiven playback zone of the one or more playback zones.
 19. The tangible,non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein theoperations further comprise: causing the given playback zone of the oneor more playback zones to begin playing back the playback queue.
 20. Thetangible, non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, whereinthe operation for causing the given playback zone of the one or moreplayback zones to begin playing back the playback queue comprisescausing a playback device of the given playback zone to stream theparticular media items from one or more servers of at least onestreaming media service.